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QMA 101: Mathematics for Finance

Course Code QMA 101
Course Name Mathematics for Finance
Department Mathematics
Semester Offered Odd (Term 1)
Tuition Hours 30 hours
Course Level Foundational
Pre-requisite -
Co-requisite FTM 101, TFS 101
Course Objective Finance looks messy on the surface. Prices move, markets react, people panic. But underneath all of that chaos sits structure. Mathematics is what exposes that structure.

This course is about building the numerical and logical backbone of financial thinking. You will learn how money grows, how risk is quantified, and how decisions get modeled. Not as abstract math problems, but as tools you will immediately use while building products and making decisions.

You will work through functions, sequences, algebra, calculus, and linear algebra, but always tied to real questions: How does compounding actually behave? What does “optimization” mean when allocating capital? How do portfolios emerge from simple matrix operations?

By the end of the course, math should stop feeling like a subject and start feeling like a way to think about money with precision.
Course Philosophy This course emphasizes
  • Intuition before formalism
  • Application before abstraction
  • Clarity over symbolic complexity
You will not learn math to pass exams. You will learn math to build, analyze, and question financial systems. Every concept should map to something you can compute, simulate, or use in your capstone.
Course Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
  • Model financial relationships using functions and understand how variables interact over time.
  • Compute and interpret compounding, discounting, and present value across different financial scenarios.
  • Apply basic calculus concepts such as rates of change and optimization to financial decision-making.
  • Use vectors and matrices to represent and analyze portfolios and financial datasets.
  • Translate real-world financial problems into mathematical models and solve them with clarity and confidence.
Course Author Sagar Udasi
MSc Statistics and Data Science with Computational Finance from The University of Edinburgh.
Contact: sagar.l.udasi@gmail.com
Course Organiser TBD
No. Lecture Title Concepts Covered Lecture Objective
01 Why Money Needs Mathematics Role of math in finance, modeling reality, deterministic vs uncertain systems Build respect for math as a decision-making tool, not an academic exercise
02 Everything Is a Function (Even Your Salary) Functions, mappings, domain and range, financial relationships Understand how financial variables depend on each other
03 The Secret Life of Compounding Sequences, exponential growth, compound interest Learn how money actually grows over time and why small rates matter
04 Discounting: Time Travel for Money Present value, future value, discount factors Connect valuation to time and opportunity cost
05 When Growth Becomes Continuous Limits, intuition of calculus, continuous compounding Transition from discrete to continuous thinking in finance
06 Change Is Everything Derivatives, rates of change, marginal thinking Understand sensitivity: how small changes affect outcomes
07 Optimization: Where Should You Put Your Money? Maxima, minima, optimization problems Apply math to real allocation decisions in portfolios and products
08 Constraints Make Decisions Real Constrained optimization, Lagrange intuition (informal) Understand trade-offs in real-world financial decisions
09 Vectors: The Language of Portfolios Vectors, representation of assets and returns Model portfolios as mathematical objects
10 The Geometry of Risk Dot product, correlation intuition, projections Understand diversification and relationships between assets
11 Matrices: Machines That Transform Data Matrix operations, transformations, systems of equations Learn how financial systems scale computations
12 Solving Real Systems Linear systems, Gaussian elimination (intuitive) Solve multi-variable financial problems
13 From Data to Decisions Introduction to financial datasets, structuring data mathematically Bridge math with real financial data used in capstone
14 When Models Meet Reality Model limitations, noise, assumptions in finance Develop skepticism and critical thinking
15 Building a Simple Financial Model End-to-end modeling: compounding + optimization Apply multiple concepts in a unified problem
16 Portfolio Math in Action Portfolio returns, weighted averages, simple risk measures Direct connection to Term 2 investment capstone
17 Sensitivity and Scenario Thinking Scenario analysis, stress intuition Prepare for uncertainty in decision-making
18 Debugging Your Math Common mistakes, numerical errors, interpretation issues Build discipline in mathematical reasoning
19 From Equations to Code Translating math into computation (Python-ready thinking) Prepare for implementation in TFS 102 and beyond
20 The Math Behind Your Capstone Integration of all concepts into fintech product thinking Ensure students can apply math directly to their Term 1 capstone
Component Weightage
Problem Sets (3 total) 30%
Applied Financial Modeling Assignment 30%
Final Written Examination (2 hours) 40%
Type Resource Provider
Lecture Mathematics for Machine Learning Imperial College London (Coursera)
Lecture Essence of Calculus Grant Sanderson (3Blue1Brown)
Reading Mathematics for Finance: An Introduction to Financial Engineering Marek Capinski & Tomasz Zastawniak
Tool Khan Academy (Algebra & Calculus) Khan Academy